Effects of Implant Design and Occlusal Loading on Bone Remodeling in Implant Supported Single Crown: A Finite Element Study
Objectives: This study investigated the responses of three bone remodeling implant types with different occlusal loading by analyze stress, strain, strain energy density and density distribution in mandibular bone.
Materials and Methods: Three different implant types (normal, short, and mini implant) and different occlusal loading (non-occlusal contact; area loaded, occlusal contact; center and 2-mm offsets horizontally) were used to explore the stress and strain transfer from ceramic crown with flat-shaped at center of crown to peri-implant bone. All implant types were drawn and traced to simulate model for finite element analysis (FEA). An artificial mandibular bone was constructed and assembled with an implant model. A strain energy density was used for stimulating cortical and cancellous bone remodeling. Three implant-bone models were simultaneously loaded under area non-occlusal contact loaded, axial center and 45 degree 2-mm offsets with occlusal contact loaded of 200 N at the top of crown on single implants using computer software to analyze stress, strain and density over the first 12 months.
Result: Every types of implant under 2 mm-horizontally offset has a greater stress, strain, strain energy density and density. The remodeling rate is rapidly high in the first to second month of loading and continuously decreased until 12 months.
Conclusions: A mini implant has the fastest remodeling process when compared with short and normal implant types resulting in more bone density and strength in the first few months healing time of an implant. However, a mini implant also has the highest stress at bone-implant contact that decrease primary implant stability.
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