Effects of Traumatic Injuries in Primary Dentition to Permanent Successors
Prevalence of traumatic injuries to primary teeth varies from 6% to 58.6%. The frequency increases in young children due to lack of motor coordination. Most of the injuries are subluxation. The sequalae on permanent successors, frequently found in intrusion and avulsion, are caused by direct or indirect effects which could disturbing the development of permanent teeth. Enamel discoloration with/without hypoplasia of the permanent incisors are the most common consequences. The aim of this literature review is to describe prevalence, effects of traumatic injuries to primary teeth and their successors, related factors to severity of the sequelae, treatment and follow up guidelines. To minimize the problems resulting from traumatic injuries to the primary teeth and their periodontium including the developing tooth germs, dentists should be aware of the importance of anamnesis, the clinical and radiographic examination, proper diagnosis and treatment planning, parent instruction and long-term follow up.
1. Flores MT, Andreasen JO, Bakland LK, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of traumatic dental injuries. Dent Traumatol 2001; 17(5): 193-198.
2. Skaare AB, Aas AL, Wang NJ. Enamel defects on permanent successors following luxation injuries to primary teeth and carers' experiences. Int J Paediatr Dent 2015; 25(3): 221-228.
3. Tewari N, Mathur VP, Singh N, Singh S, Pandey RK. Long-term effects of traumatic dental injuries of primary dentition on permanent successors: a retrospective study of 596 teeth. Dent Traumatol 2018; 34(2): 129-134.
4. Diab M, elBadrawy HE. Intrusion injuries of primary incisors. Part III: effects on the permanent successors. Quintessence Int 2000; 31(6): 377-384.
5. de Amorim Lde F, Estrela C, da Costa LR. Effects of traumatic dental injuries to primary teeth on permanent teeth--a clinical follow-up study. Dent Traumatol 2011; 27(2): 117-121.
6. Qassem A, Goettems M, Torriani DD, Pappen FG. Radicular maturity level of primary teeth and its association with trauma sequelae. Dent Traumatol 2014; 30(3): 227-231.
7. Lenzi MM, Alexandria AK, Ferreira DM, Maia LC. Does trauma in the primary dentition cause sequelae in permanent successors? a systematic review. Dent Traumatol 2015; 31(2): 79-88.
8. Sennhenn-Kirchner S, Jacobs HG. Traumatic injuries to the primary dentition and effects on the permanent successors - a clinical follow-up study. Dent Traumatol 2006; 22(5): 237-241.
9. do Espírito Santo Jácomo DR, Campos V. Prevalence of sequelae in the permanent anterior teeth after trauma in their predecessors: a longitudinal study of 8 years. Dent Traumatol 2009; 25(3): 300-304.
10. Carvalho V, Jacomo DR, Campos V. Frequency of intrusive luxation in deciduous teeth and its effects. Dent Traumatol 2010; 26(4): 304-307.
11. de Amorim CS, Americano GCA, Moliterno LFM, de Marsillac MWS, Andrade MRTC, Campos V. Frequency of crown and root dilaceration of permanent incisors after dental trauma to their predecessor teeth. Dent Traumatol 2018; 34(6): 401-405.
12. Needleman HL. The art and science of managing traumatic injuries to primary teeth. Dent Traumatol 2011; 27(4): 295-299.
13. Malmgren B, Andreasen JO, Flores MT, et al. International association of dental traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 3. Injuries in the primary dentition. Dent Traumatol 2012; 28(3): 174-182.
14. Lam R. Epidemiology and outcomes of traumatic dental injuries: a review of the literature. Aust Dent J 2016; 61 (Suppl 1): 4-20.
15. Ferreira JM, Fernandes de Andrade EM, Katz CR, Rosenblatt A. Prevalence of dental trauma in deciduous teeth of Brazilian children. Dent Traumatol 2009; 25(2): 219-223.
16. Altun C, Cehreli ZC, Güven G, Acikel C. Traumatic intrusion of primary teeth and its effects on the permanent successors: a clinical follow-up study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 107(4): 493-498.
17. Gondim JO, Moreira Neto JJ. Evaluation of intruded primary incisors. Dent Traumatol 2005; 21(3): 131-133.
18. Turkistani J, Hanno A. Recent trends in the management of dentoalveolar traumatic injuries to primary and young permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol 2011; 27(1): 46-54.
19. Turgut MD, Tekçiçek M, Canoglu H. An unusual developmental disturbance of an unerupted permanent incisor due to trauma to its predecessor - a case report. Dent Traumatol 2006; 22(5): 283-286.
20. Lauridsen E, Blanche P, Yousaf N, Andreasen JO. The risk of healing complications in primary teeth with intrusive luxation: a retrospective cohort study. Dent Traumatol 2017; 33(5): 329-336.
21. Christophersen P, Freund M, Harild L. Avulsion of primary teeth and sequelae on the permanent successors. Dent Traumatol 2005; 21(6): 320-323.
22. Nelson-Filho P, Silva RA, Leonardo MR, de Freitas AC, Assed S. Arrest of root formation in a permanent maxillary central incisor subsequent to trauma and pulp necrosis to the primary predecessor. Dent Traumatol 2008; 24(5): e53-55.
23. Güngör HC, Püşman E, Uysal S. Eruption delay and sequelae in permanent incisors following intrusive luxation in primary dentition: a case report. Dent Traumatol 2011; 27(2): 156-158.
24. Tewari N, Pandey RK. Root hypoplasia: an unusual sequela to primary tooth trauma. Dent Traumatol 2010; 26(1): 115-117.
25. Flores MT, Holan G, Andreasen JO, Lauridsen E. Injuries to the primary dentition. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, ed: Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth. 5th ed. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell; 2018: 556-588.
26. Smith RJ, Rapp R. A cephalometric study of the developmental relationship between primary and permanent maxillary central incisor teeth. J Dent Child 1980; 47(1): 36-41.
27. Flores MT. Traumatic injuries in the primary dentition. Dent Traumatol 2002; 18(6): 287-298.
28. Qassem A, Martins Nda M, da Costa VP, Torriani DD, Pappen FG. Long-term clinical and radiographic follow up of subluxated and intruded maxillary primary anterior teeth. Dent Traumatol 2015; 31(1): 57-61.
29. Cunha RF, Pugliesi DM, Percinoto C. Treatment of traumatized primary teeth: a conservative approach. Dent Traumatol 2007; 23(6): 360-363.
30. Torriani DD, Percinoto C, Cunha RF, Guimarães I. Histological evaluation of dog permanent teeth after traumatic intrusion of their primary predecessors. Dent Traumatol 2006; 22(4): 198-204.
31. Rocha MJ, Cardoso M. Survival analysis of endodontically treated traumatized primary teeth. Dent Traumatol 2007; 23(6): 340-347.