Tooth Bleaching in Dentistry: A Review of the Literature
Tooth whitening has been increase in the number of patients over recent years. Following previous literature, the mechanisms of tooth whitening was occurred by the diffusion of peroxide through enamel and dentin to cause oxidation that lighten of tooth color. The importance factors influencing tooth whitening efficacy are concentration and time which higher concentrations are faster than lower concentrations. However, lower concentrations can approach the efficacy of higher concentrations with extended treatment times. The light activated heat and initial tooth color can also influence tooth bleaching outcome. The method for measuring changes in tooth color are visual measurements by using shade guide and instrumental measurements using spectrophotometer. Tooth sensitivity is one of the side effect that commonly occur after tooth bleaching. However, the symptom will disappear shortly after the treatment ends. Sodium fluoride and potassium nitrate can also decrease the tooth sensitivity. Gingival or mucosal irritation and shear bond strength of composite to enamel or dentin are also effected by tooth whitening.
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