The Effect of Fiber-reinforced Composite and Cast Metal Post on the Failure Load and the Fracture Patterns of a Cylindrical Glass-resin Bilayer Structure : A Pilot Study
The study aims to develop a simple biomechanics model to identify a relationship of post materials without bonding agent on failure load and fracture patterns of a glass-resin bilayer under axial applied load. The geometries of cylindrical glass were prepared as a certain degree of convergence. Posts were positioned upright at the middle of glass cylinder, then filled with composite resin. Thirty cylindrical root- like structures were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10): no post group (C), fiber-reinforced composite post group (FP) and cast metal post group (MP). A universal testing machine was used to apply a static load at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until the load reached 300 N and continued at a crosshead speed of 0.01 mm/min until the specimens fractured. The entire loading and fracture processes were recorded by video camera. The scatter of the initial failure load was evaluated using Tukey’s multiple comparison test (p<.05), Weibull’s analysis and a probability of survival. The results showed that the glass-resin bilayer models can simulate the vertical crack. The initial failure load in the post- reinforced group were significantly higher than the control group. No differences on the survival probability regardless of the types of posts under the load of 850 N. FP group revealed the higher survival probability than the MP group over the loading of 850 N.
Fuss Z, Lustig J, Tamse A. Prevalence of vertical root fractures in extracted endodontically treated teeth. Int Endod J 1999; 32(4): 283-286.
Llena-Puy MC, Forner-Navarro L, Barbero-Navarro I. Vertical root fracture in endodontically treated teeth: a review of 25 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med O 2001; 92(5): 553-555.
Zadik Y, Sandler V, Bechor R, Salehrabi R. Analysis of factors related to extraction of endodontically treated teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med O 2008; 106(5): e31-e35.
Tamse A. Iatrogenic vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth. Dent Traumatol 1988; 4(5): 190-196.
Trope M, Maltz DO, Tronstad L. Resistance to fracture of restored endodontically treated teeth. Dent Traumatol 1985; 1(3): 108-111.
Göhring T, Peters O. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth without posts. Am J Dent 2003; 16(5): 313-317.
Da Silva NR, Raposo LHA, Versluis A, Fernandes-Neto AJ, Soares CJ. The effect of post, core, crown type, and ferrule presence on the biomechanical behavior of endodontically treated bovine anterior teeth. J Prosthet Dent 2010; 104(5): 306-317.
Pegoretti A, Fambri L, Zappini G, Bianchetti M. Finite element analysis of a glass fibre reinforced composite endodontic post. Biomaterials 2002; 23(13): 2667-2682.
Sirimai S, Riis DN, Morgano SM. An in vitro study of the fracture resistance and the incidence of vertical root fracture of pulpless teeth restored with six post-and-core systems. J Prosthet Dent 1999; 81(3): 262-269.
Lanza A, Aversa R, Rengo S, Apicella D, Apicella A. 3D FEA of cemented steel, glass and carbon posts in a maxillary incisor. Dent Mater 2005; 21(8): 709-715.
Chuang S-F, Yaman P, Herrero A, Dennison JB, Chang C-H. Influence of post material and length on endodontically treated incisors: an in vitro and finite element study. J Prosthet Dent 2010; 104(6): 379-388.
Jung S-H, Min K-S, Chang H-S, Park S-D, Kwon S-N, Bae J-M. Microleakage and fracture patterns of teeth restored with different posts under dynamic loading. J Prosthet Dent 2007; 98(4): 270-276.
Makade CS, Meshram GK, Warhadpande M, Patil PG. A comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with different post core systems-an in-vitro study. J Adv Prosthodont 2011; 3(2): 90-95.
Sidoli GE, King PA, Setchell DJ. An in vitro evaluation of a carbon fiber-based post and core system. J Prosthet Dent 1997; 78(1): 5-9.
Torbjörner A, Karlsson S, Ödman PA. Survival rate and failure characteristics for two post designs. J Prosthet Dent 1995; 73(5): 439-444.
Ferrari M, Vichi A, Garcia-Godoy F. Clinical evaluation of fiber-reinforced epoxy resin posts and cast post and cores. Am J Dent 2000; 13(Spec No): 15B-8B.
Ellner S, Bergendal T, Bergman B. Four post-and-core combinations as abutments for fixed single crowns: a prospective up to 10-year study. Int J Prosthodont 2002; 16(3): 249-254.
Balkenhol M, Wöstmann B, Rein C, Ferger P. Survival time of cast post and cores: a 10-year retrospective study. J Dent 2007; 35(1): 50-58.
Schmitter M, Rammelsberg P, Gabbert O, Ohlmann B. Influence of clinical baseline findings on the survival of 2 post systems: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Prosthodont 2007; 20(2): 173-178.
Figueiredo FED, Martins-Filho PRS, Faria-e-Silva AL. Do Metal Post–retained Restorations Result in More Root Fractures than Fiber Post–retained Restorations? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Endod 2015; 41(3): 309-316.
Sterzenbach G, Franke A, Naumann M. Rigid versus flexible dentine-like endodontic posts—clinical testing of a biomechanical concept: Seven-year results of a randomized controlled clinical pilot trial on endodontically treated abutment teeth with severe hard tissue loss. J Endodont 2012; 38(12): 1557-1563.
Naumann M, Koelpin M, Beuer F, Meyer-Lueckel H. 10-year Survival Evaluation for Glass-fiber–supported Postendodontic Restoration: A Prospective Observational Clinical Study. J Endodont 2012; 38(4): 432-435.
Morfis A. Vertical root fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990; 69(5): 631-635.
Testori T, Badino M, Castagnola M. Vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth: a clinical survey of 36 cases. J Endod 1993; 19(2): 87-90.
Ayad MF, Rosenstiel SF, Woelfel JB. The effect of recementation on crown retention. Int J Prosthodont 1997; 11(2): 177-182.
Al-Omiri MK, Mahmoud AA, Rayyan MR, Abu-Hammad O. Fracture resistance of teeth restored with post-retained restorations: an overview. J Endod 2010; 36(9): 1439-1449.
Naumann M, Sterzenbach G, Rosentritt M, Beuer F, Frankenberger R. Is adhesive cementation of endodontic posts necessary? J Endod 2008; 34(8): 1006-1010.
Bolla M, Muller-Bolla M, Borg C, Lupi-Pegurier L, Laplanche O, Leforestier E. Root canal posts for the restoration of root filled teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; 24.
Kelly JR. Clinically relevant approach to failure testing of all-ceramic restorations. J Prosthet Dent 1999; 81(6): 652-661.
Scherrer SS, Quinn JB, Quinn GD, Kelly JR. Failure analysis of ceramic clinical cases using qualitative fractography. Int J Prosthodont 2005; 19(2): 185-192.
Lawn BR, Lee JJ-W, Constantino PJ, Lucas PW. Predicting failure in mammalian enamel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2009; 2(1): 33-42.
Borosilicate glass. 2016 [updated 2016 March 16]; Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borosilicate_glass#Physical_characteristics.
Quinn GD. Fractography of ceramics and glasses: US Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology 2007.
Imbeni V, Nalla R, Bosi C, Kinney J, Ritchie R. In vitro fracture toughness of human dentin. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 2003; 66(1): 1-9.
Dlouhy I, Reinisch M, Boccaccini A, Knott J. Fracture characteristics of borosilicate glasses reinforced by metallic particles. Fatig Fract Eng Mater Struct 1997; 20(9): 1235-1253.
Lopes MB, Yan Z, Consani S, Gonini Júnior A, Aleixo A, McCabe JF. Evaluation of the coefficient of thermal expansion of human and bovine dentin by thermomechanical analysis. Braz Dent J 2012; 23(1): 3-7.
Inc. F-CG. Ceramic Properties Tables. 2016; Available from: http://www.ferroceramic.com/corning_table.htm.
Frechette VD. Failure analysis of brittle materials 1990.
Wessa P. Maximum-likelihood Weibull Distribution Fitting (v1.0.3) in Free Statistics Software (v1.1.23-r7). 2013; Available from: http://www.wessa.net/rwasp_fitdistrweibull.wasp/.
Von Fraunhofer JA. Research Writing in Dentistry: Wiley; 2009.
ASTM C1322-05b Standard Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics. 2010.
Sornsuwan T, Swain MV. The effect of margin thickness, degree of convergence and bonding interlayer on the marginal failure of glass-simulated all-ceramic crowns. Acta Biomater 2012; 8(12): 4426-4437.
Sornsuwan T. A Comparative Clinical Root Fracture with the Relationship between the Glass- Resin Bonded Conditions and the Vertical Crack Development in a Conical Bilayer Structure. Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai university; 2014.
Øilo M, Kvam K, Tibballs JE, Gjerdet NR. Clinically relevant fracture testing of all-ceramic crowns. Dent Mater 2013; 29(8): 815-823.
Zhang Z, Sornsuwan T, Rungsiyakull C, Li W, Li Q, Swain MV. Effects of design parameters on fracture resistance of glass simulated dental crowns. Dent Mater 2016: 373–384.
Budynas RG, Nisbett JK. Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design: McGraw-Hill; 2008.
Santos A, Meira J, Tanaka C, Xavier T, Ballester R, Lima R, et al. Can fiber posts increase root stresses and reduce fracture? J Dent Res 2010; 89(6): 587-591.
Pierrisnard L, Bohin F, Renault P. Corono-radicular reconstruction of pulpless teeth: a mechanical study using finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2002; 88(4): 442-448.
Pereira JR, Valle ALd, Shiratori FK, Ghizoni JS, Melo MPd. Influence of intraradicular post and crown ferrule on the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth. Braz Dent J 2009; 20(4): 297-302.
Scherrer S, De Rijk W. The fracture resistance of all-ceramic crowns on supporting structures with different elastic moduli. Int J Prosthodont 1992; 6(5): 462-467.
Yucel MT, Yondem I, Aykent F, Eraslan O. Influence of the supporting die structures on the fracture strength of all-ceramic materials. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 16(4): 1105-1110.
Barcellos RR, Correia DPD, Farina AP, Mesquita MF, Ferraz CCR, Cecchin D. Fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with intra-radicular post: the effects of post system and dentine thickness. J Biomech 2013; 46(15): 2572-2577.
Pereira JR, do Valle AL, Shiratori FK, Ghizoni JS, Bonfante EA. The effect of post material on the characteristic strength of fatigued endodontically treated teeth. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 2014; 112(5): 1225-1230.
Bacchi A, dos Santos MBF, Pimentel MJ, Caetano CR, Sinhoreti MAC, Consani RLX. Influence of post-thickness and material on the fracture strength of teeth with reduced coronal structure. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16(2): 139.
McLaren JD, McLaren CI, Yaman P, Bin-Shuwaish MS, Dennison JD, McDonald NJ. The effect of post type and length on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. J Prosthet Dent 2009; 101(3): 174-182.
Hayashi M, Takahashi Y, Imazato S, Ebisu S. Fracture resistance of pulpless teeth restored with post-cores and crowns. Dent Mater 2006; 22(5): 477-485.
Quinn JB, Quinn GD. A practical and systematic review of Weibull statistics for reporting strengths of dental materials. Dent Mater 2010; 26(2): 135-147.
Trustrum K, Jayatilaka ADS. On estimating the Weibull modulus for a brittle material. J Mater Sci 1979; 14(5): 1080-1084.
Takaki P, Vieira M, Bommarito S. Maximum Bite Force Analysis in Different Age Groups. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 18(3): 272-276.
Sathyanarayana HP, Premkumar S, Manjula W. Assessment of maximum voluntary bite force in adults with normal occlusion and different types of malocclusions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13(4): 534-538.