Efficiency of Non-thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Killing Candida albicans Biofilm
Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma on killing Candida albicans biofilm.
Methods: Candida albicans (ATCC 10231 and 2 clinical strains) divided into 5 groups. The untreated culture was designated as control group. The rest groups were treated by non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma for 2, 5, 8 and 10 minutes were designated as test groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. To investigate the least exposure time on killing yeast cells, quantity of yeast cells was examined by colony counting and MTT assays. In addition, biofilm of all strains of Candida albicans was formed individually on acrylic resin before exposed to non-thermal atmospheric pressure. Viability of the biofilms was investigated by colony counting method.
Results: Candida albicans cultures of ATCC 10231 and 2 clinical strains were significantly reduced after exposed to non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma for 8 minutes. (p<0.05) By colony counting, the growth of the reference and clinical strains were inhibited by 92.30, 88.35 and 88.92 % respectively. Contradictorily, by MTT assay method, the plasma exposure reduced the growth of Candida albicans cells by 26-51% approximately. Additionally, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma exposure for 8 minutes reduced Candida albicans biofilms formed on acrylic resin greatly (2-log10 to 4-log10 reduction). (p<0.05)
Conclusions: Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma exposure for 8 minutes have demonstrated efficiency in killing Candida albicans biofilms established on acrylic resin.
Institute for Population and Social Research Mahidol University, Fundamental of Thai Gerontology Research and development Institute. Situation of the Thai Elderly 2016. 1st ed. Bangkok: Amarin Printing and Publishing Public Company Limited; 2016: 138. (in Thai)
Gendreau L, Loewy ZG. Epidemiology and etiology of denture stomatitis. J Prosthodont 2011; 20(4): 251-260.
Jainkittivong A, Aneksuk V, Langlais RP. Oral mucosal conditions in elderly dental patients. Oral Dis 2002; 8(4): 218-223.
Maller US, Karthik KS, Maller SV. Candidiasis in denture wearers-a literature review. JIADS 2010; 1(1): 27-30.
Ruchadaporn Koumoongkonkit. Denture stomatitis. 3rd ed. Chiang Mai: Trio Advertising & Media Company Limited; 2013: 186. (in Thai)
Felton D, Cooper L, Duqum I, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for the care and maintenance of complete dentures: a publication of the American College of Prosthodontists. J Prosthodont 2011; 20 Suppl 1: S1-S12.
Nishi Y, Seto K, Kamashita Y, Take C, Kurono A, Nagaoka E. Examination of denture-cleaning methods based on the quantity of microorganisms adhering to a denture. Gerodontology 2012; 29(2): e259-266.
Wu T, Hu W, Guo L, et al. Development of a new model system to study microbial colonization on dentures. J Prosthodont 2013; 22(5): 344-350.
Brondani MA, Samim F, Feng H. A conventional microwave oven for denture cleaning: a critical review. Gerodontology 2012; 29(2): e6-15.
Matthes R, Jablonowski L, Koban I, et al. In vitro treatment of Candida albicans biofilms on denture base material with volume dielectric barrier discharge plasma (VDBD) compared with common chemical antiseptics. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 19(9): 2319-2326.
Wang GM, Sun PP, Pan H, et al. Inactivation of Candida albicans biofilms on polymethyl methacrylate and enhancement of the drug susceptibility by cold Ar/O2 Plasma Jet. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 2016; 36: 383-396.
Sivakumar I, Arunachalam KS, Sajjan S, Ramaraju AV, Rao B, Kamaraj B. Incorporation of antimicrobial macromolecules in acrylic denture base resins: a research composition and update. J Prosthodont 2014; 23(4): 284-290.
Kim JH, Lee MA, Han GJ, Cho BH. Plasma in dentistry: a review of basic concepts and applications in dentistry. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72(1): 1-12.
Dobrynin D, Fridman G, Friedman G, Fridman A. Physical and biological mechanisms of direct plasma interaction with living tissue. New J Phys 2009; 11: 115020.
Liu D, Xiong Z, Du T, Zhou X, Cao Y, Lu X. Bacterial-killing effect of atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma jet and oral mucosa response. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 2011; 31(6): 852-856.
Hoffmann C, Berganza C, Zhang J. Cold Atmospheric Plasma: methods of production and application in dentistry and oncology. Med Gas Res 2013; 3(1): 21.
von Woedtke T, Metelmann HR, Weltmann KD. Clinical Plasma Medicine: State and Perspectives of in Vivo Application of Cold Atmospheric Plasma. Contrib Plasma Phys 2014; 54(2): 104-117.
Weltmann KD, von Woedtke T. Plasma medicine-current state of research and medical application. Plasma Phys Control Fusion 2017; 59: 014031.
Xiong Z, Lu XP, Feng A, Pan Y, Ostrikov K. Highly effective fungal inactivation in He+O2 atmospheric-pressure nonequilibrium plasmas. Physics of Plasma 2010; 17: 123502.
Koban I, Matthes R, Hübner NO, et al. Treatment of Candida albicans biofilms with low-temperature plasma induced by dielectric barrier discharge and atmospheric pressure plasma jet. New J Phys 2010; 12: 073039.
Lu X, Xiong Z, Zhao F, Xian Y, Xiong Q. A simple atmospheric pressure room-temperature air plasma needle device for biomedical applications. Appl Phys Lett 2009; 95(18).
Lloyd G, Friedman G, Jafri S, Schultz G, Fridman A, Harding K. Gas Plasma: Medical Uses and Developments in Wound Care. Plasma Process Polym 2010; 7(3-4): 194-211.
Hasse S, Duong Tran T, Hahn O, et al. Induction of proliferation of basal epidermal keratinocytes by cold atmospheric-pressure plasma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41(2): 202-209.
Dezest M, Chavatte L, Bourdens M, et al. Mechanistic insights into the impact of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on human epithelial cell lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 41163.
Stoffels E, Sakiyama Y, Graves DB. Cold atmospheric plasma: charged species and their interactions with cells and tissues. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 2008; 36(4): 1441-1457.
Fridman G, Brooks AD, Balasubramanian M, et al. Comparison of direct and indirect effects of non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma on bacteria. Plasma Process Polym 2007; 4(4): 370-375.
Wiseman H, Halliwell B. Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer. Biochem J 1996; 313: 17-29.
Lackmann JW, Schneider S, Edengeiser E, et al. Photons and particles emitted from cold atmospheric-pressure plasma inactivate bacteria and biomolecules independently and synergistically. J R Soc Interface 2013; 10(89): 20130591.
Park G, Ku YB, Jung G, et al. Analysis of the biological effects of a non-thermal plasma on Saccharomyses Cerevisiae. JKPS 2012; 60(6): 916-920.
Association Ad. Revised American Dental Association specification no. 12 for denture base polymers. J Am Dent Assoc 1975; 90: 451-458.
Navazesh M. Methods for collecting saliva. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 694: 72-77.
Costa AC, Pereira CA, Freire F, Junqueira JC, Jorge AO. Methods for obtaining reliable and reproducible results in studies of Candida biofilms formed in vitro. Mycoses 2013; 56(6): 614-622.
Shi XM, Zhang GJ, Yuan YK, Ma Y, Xu GM, Yang Y. Research on the inactivation effect of low-temperature plasma on Candida albicans. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 2008; 36(2): 498-503.